Differencing Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. This condition is characterized by symptoms such as poor attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Parents can help children with ADHD by establishing and maintaining a routine, creating a quiet space, keeping the home organized, offering plenty of praise, and finding activities and hobbies that suit their interests. Other lifestyle measures that can help include eating a balanced, healthful diet, getting plenty of exercise, establishing good sleeping practices, and coordinating with the school if the condition affects a child.
ADHD can be treated with a combination of lifestyle measures and medications. A doctor will advise on the options available, taking into account the individual's symptoms and circumstances. It's important to note that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) does not provide criteria for Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Instead, symptoms of ADD are now grouped under the name Inattentive ADHD.
Inattentive ADHD, formerly known as ADD, features symptoms such as forgetfulness, disorganization, and lack of focus. In contrast, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive ADHD involves restlessness and impulsive decisions, but not inattention. Combined ADHD features all three symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
If a person shows symptoms that appear to be holding back their progress at school or at work or disrupting relationships, it may be a good idea to seek medical help. Symptoms must appear in multiple environments, such as school, work, home, and in social situations.
It's also worth noting that approximately two-thirds of all children with ADHD have other disorders as well. These can include behavioral problems such as oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, other learning disorders, anxiety, and depression. In adults, symptoms of inattention are similar but may also include forgetting to do regular tasks, losing or forgetting things, and having problems with self-motivation. Impulsive behaviors in adults may include spending money randomly, driving recklessly, and having a careless sexual life.
Getting a thorough diagnosis increases the chances of starting appropriate treatment in the early stages. A doctor will consider whether another disorder can explain these symptoms before making a diagnosis. In the case of children, a school psychologist may observe the child's behavior in their classroom environment to help make a proper diagnosis.
In summary, while the terms ADD and Inattentive ADHD are often used interchangeably, they refer to the same condition with different historical contexts. ADD was previously used to describe a condition characterized by difficulties with attention and focus, without significant symptoms of hyperactivity or impulsivity. This condition was later renamed Predominantly Inattentive ADHD in the DSM-5. Essentially, the term "ADD" is now considered a presentation of ADHD without the hyperactivity component.
[1] National Institute of Mental Health. (2021). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/index.shtml [2] American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. [3] Hallowell, E. M., & Ratey, J. J. (2005). Delivered from Distraction: Getting the Most out of Life with Attention Deficit Disorder. New York: Penguin Group. [4] Barkley, R. A. (2013). Taking Charge of Adult ADHD: The Complete, Authoritative Guide for Living Well with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. New York: Guilford Press. [5] Brown, K. L., & Rappaport, J. (2010). The ADHD Solution: A Guide for Parents and Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
- Pfizer, in collaboration with other pharmaceutical companies, has been conducting research to develop effective medications for the treatment of ADHD in children and adults.
- In the realm of health-and-wellness, children with ADHD can benefit from practicing good nutrition. A healthful diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can support their overall well-being and cognitive function.
- Mental-health professionals and fitness-and-exercise experts agree that regular physical activity can help children with ADHD manage their symptoms. Engaging in regular exercise not only improves physical fitness but also promotes mental health by reducing stress, improving mood, and enhancing cognitive function.
- Skin-care is an essential aspect of self-care for individuals with ADHD. Proper skin-care can help maintain healthy skin, prevent irritation, and improve overall self-esteem and mental well-being.
- In addition to medications and lifestyle measures, essential nutrients play a crucial role in maintaining children's health and addressing ADHD. A balanced diet that includes key nutrients such as B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, and minerals can support brain function, improve focus, and reduce symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.
