Early Brain Dysfunction Linked to Psychosis Risk in Genetic Syndrome
A new study has uncovered early signs of brain dysfunction that may increase the risk of psychosis. Researchers focused on individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a genetic condition linked to a much higher likelihood of developing psychotic disorders. The findings suggest that problems in the brain's waste-clearing system could appear years before symptoms emerge.
The study examined the glymphatic system, which removes metabolic waste from the brain. In people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, this system was found to be impaired from childhood. Those who later developed psychotic symptoms showed no improvement in glymphatic function over time.
22q11.2 deletion syndrome is already known as a major genetic risk factor for psychosis. Previous research between 2016 and 2026 revealed that individuals with this deletion have a 20 to 30 times higher risk of schizophrenia. Scientists have also identified specific genes, such as COMT and PRODH, which affect dopamine regulation and psychosis vulnerability. When the glymphatic system malfunctions, it can lead to inflammation and neuronal damage. This process may contribute to the development of psychotic symptoms. The study highlights that biological vulnerabilities, combined with environmental factors, could play a role long before any clinical signs appear. Advances in neuroimaging have shown structural brain abnormalities in affected individuals. Screening protocols and early intervention programmes have since been developed to monitor and support those at risk.
The research indicates that early disruptions in the brain's waste-clearing system may help predict psychosis risk. For individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, these findings could lead to better monitoring and intervention strategies. Understanding these mechanisms may also provide broader insights into how psychosis develops in other high-risk groups.
