Examination of a Suspect in a Medical Setting
In the realm of criminal investigations, two intriguing methods have gained attention: lie detector tests and inquests. Let's delve into these procedures, as outlined in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) in India.
The history of lie detector tests can be traced back to 1921, when Dr. John Larson, an American scientist, developed the first version of the test. The test is based on the notion that when a person lies, physiological responses may differ. In India, the authority responsible for conducting medical examinations of accused persons suspected of crimes is a registered medical practitioner appointed or recognized by the state government.
The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, includes Section 53, which allows for an examination of the arrested person's body by a registered medical practitioner. The examination can be requested by a police officer not below the rank of sub-inspector and is used to ascertain facts that may afford evidence as to the commission of an offence. The registered medical practitioner can use such force as is reasonably necessary for the examination.
On the other hand, an inquest is an investigation into the cause of death. In India, Section 176 of the CrPC empowers the nearest Magistrate to conduct an inquest. The word 'inquest' means 'to seek' and is not limited to specific cases mentioned in Section 176. Inquests are conducted in four different ways around the world, but the exact details of these methods are not specified in the provided text.
It's important to note that the Polygraph or Lie Detector Test is not directly related to the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and its use in investigations may vary by jurisdiction. Furthermore, whenever the person of a female is to be examined, the examination shall be made only by, or under the supervision of, a female registered medical practitioner.
In conclusion, while lie detector tests and inquests play crucial roles in criminal investigations, their application and methods differ based on various factors, including jurisdiction and the nature of the case. Understanding these procedures can provide valuable insights into the criminal justice system.
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