Functional Depression at Its Best: An Overview
Living with High-Functioning Depression: A Hidden Struggle
High-Functioning Depression, also known as Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) or dysthymia, is a chronic form of depression that often goes unnoticed, as people who suffer from it often lead a life that appears normal from the outside [1][2][5]. This condition is characterized by a lower intensity of symptoms that nevertheless persist over a long period, and individuals with high-functioning depression can maintain daily responsibilities such as work, school, and social interactions.
The key differences between high-functioning depression and major depression include:
| Aspect | High-Functioning Depression (PDD) | Major Depression (Major Depressive Disorder) | |-----------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------| | Symptom severity | Less severe but long-lasting symptoms | More intense, severe symptoms often acute or episodic | | Functioning level | Individuals continue to function and meet obligations | Significant impairment, difficulty functioning in daily life | | Visibility | Symptoms often hidden; fatigue, numbness, self-doubt | Symptoms typically more obvious, including deep sadness, withdrawal | | Emotional experience | Persistent low mood, numbness, exhaustion | Intense sadness, hopelessness, possibly suicidal thoughts | | Duration | Chronic, lasting 2 years or more | Can be episodic, lasting weeks to months without treatment | | Impact on motivation | Internal struggle but still able to "keep it together" | Marked loss of motivation, difficulty completing basic tasks |
People with high-functioning depression often experience emotional numbness, persistent fatigue even after rest, negative self-criticism, loss of joy in activities, and self-isolation despite outward appearances of success and normalcy [1][3][5]. This can make the condition hard to recognize both by the affected individual and by others around them.
In contrast, major depression typically causes more debilitating symptoms that interfere visibly with life, such as pronounced withdrawal, inability to perform daily activities, and distinct episodes of severe emotional distress [4].
Detecting high-functioning depression can be complicated, but there are signs that can help identify it, such as difficulty experiencing joy or excitement, trouble concentrating or making decisions, and postponing tasks or having problems finishing them. If the symptoms of high-functioning depression are not manageable with lifestyle changes, it may be necessary to explore more specific therapies or medications, which will be decided by a psychologist or psychiatrist.
A biological predisposition, especially if there is a family history of depression, can increase the risk of developing high-functioning depression. High-functioning depression can also cause physical symptoms, such as constant fatigue, changes in appetite or sleep patterns, and these changes affect their energy and overall well-being. It is common for individuals with high-functioning depression to have trouble concentrating or making decisions, which leads to more frustration.
High-functioning depression is not yet part of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. However, understanding and acknowledging the signs of high-functioning depression is crucial for those who may be struggling. If you identify with the symptoms of high-functioning depression, the first step is to talk to someone you trust and seek professional help from a psychologist.
Living with high-functioning depression does not have to be something that is just accepted. High-functioning depression is a subtle and constant emotional state that can make individuals feel that something is not right, even though they continue to work, fulfill commitments, and socialize. It is important to remember that help is available, and it is possible to feel better and enjoy life and the people around you.
References:
[1] American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. [2] National Institute of Mental Health. (2021). Depression. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/index.shtml [3] National Institute of Mental Health. (2018). Persistent depressive disorder. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/persistent-depressive-disorder/index.shtml [4] Mayo Clinic. (2021). Major depression. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/major-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20374987 [5] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2018). Depression in adults: recognition and management. Retrieved from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/chapter/1-Recommendations#11-Recognition-of-depression
- Engaging in meditation routines and other health-and-wellness practices may help manage the feelings of numbness and fatigue associated with high-functioning depression, contributing to improved mental health and emotional well-being.
- Pursuing psychology-based therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), could be beneficial in addressing the negative self-criticism and trouble concentrating that are common in individuals with high-functioning depression, aiding in the development of healthier coping mechanisms.
- Essential research in the field of science, particularly in the area of mental health, may lead to a better understanding of the biological factors influencing high-functioning depression, potentially paving the way for new treatments and additions to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
