Link Between Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer: Identified Risk Factors
It's no secret that there's a strong link between breast cancer and ovarian cancer, largely due to shared genetic factors. And, when it comes to those carrying mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, the risk of both cancers skyrockets.
These two types of cancer share more than just genetics, though. They also have some common risk factors. For instance, getting older, carrying extra weight, and never having a baby can put you at a higher risk for both cancers. But, the good news is that some of these risks can be managed – like maintaining a moderate weight.
Now, if you've had breast cancer, you might be more likely to develop ovarian cancer too. That's not necessarily due to the disease itself, but the underlying genetic factors that may have contributed to your initial breast cancer. The reverse is also true – folks with ovarian cancer may have an increased risk of breast cancer, often due to genetic mutations.
But, what about other types of cancer? Well, those with ovarian cancer have been linked to an increased risk of bladder, bile duct, colorectal, acute leukemia, and melanoma of the eye[6]. And, breast cancer can spread to the ovaries, although it's relatively uncommon in early-stage breast cancer[6].
Individuals with a higher risk of ovarian cancer include those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, a family history of breast, ovarian, or colorectal cancer, Lynch syndrome, endometriosis, never having been pregnant, a late first pregnancy, and being 40 years or older[7].
Sounds pretty grim, right? But there's hope! While some risk factors, like a prior cancer diagnosis, are unchangeable, there are still things you can control. Maintaining a moderate weight, engaging in regular exercise, limiting alcohol intake, and discussing contraception options with your doctor can all help reduce the risk of breast and ovarian cancer[8].
Wondering about your outlook? According to a 2020 observational study, folks with both primary breast cancer and primary ovarian cancer have a relatively favorable outlook, with 5- and 10-year overall survival rates of around 90%[3]. And, the outlook tends to be better when the time between the two cancers is longer[3].
So, the moral of the story is – be aware, be informed, and take control of what you can. Talk to your doctor, stay vigilant for signs of recurrence or a second cancer, and make lifestyle choices that reduce your risk.
For more evidence-based resources on cancer, check out our dedicated hub[1].
Enrichment Insights:
- The shared genetic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are significant contributors to the link between breast and ovarian cancer.
- Beyond these mutations, other genetic and genomic factors also play a role in increasing the risk of both cancers.
- Obesity, a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, and certain lifestyle factors can also raise the risk of these cancers.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding have protective effects against ovarian cancer and may offer some protection against breast cancer.
- The shared genetics between breast cancer and ovarian cancer, particularly the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, significantly increase the risk of both cancers.
- Apart from these genes, other genetic and genomic factors also contribute to the increased risk of both breast and ovarian cancer.
- Carrying extra weight, getting older, and never having a baby can increase the risk of both breast and ovarian cancer.
- If someone has had breast cancer, they might have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer as well, often due to shared genetic factors.
- Individuals with a higher risk of ovarian cancer may include those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations, a family history of breast, ovarian, or colorectal cancer, Lynch syndrome, endometriosis, never having been pregnant, a late first pregnancy, and being 40 years or older.
- Maintaining a moderate weight, engaging in regular exercise, limiting alcohol intake, and discussing contraception options with your doctor can help reduce the risk of both breast and ovarian cancer.
