Manganese: Advantages for Health and Potential Adverse Reactions
Manganese, a trace mineral, plays a significant role in maintaining blood sugar levels and overall health. This essential element, found in foods such as pineapple, spinach, almonds, and whole wheat bread, supports proper insulin secretion and enzyme activities involved in glucose metabolism [1].
In people with diabetes, manganese helps regulate blood sugar by ensuring insulin is produced and functions effectively, contributing to better glucose homeostasis and potentially improving blood sugar control [1]. This role is somewhat parallel to other essential metals like zinc, though manganese's unique contribution centres on enzyme support for insulin secretion [3].
Adequate manganese levels can also aid in the process of blood clotting, the first stage of wound healing, and may help promote strong, dense bones when combined with other nutrients like calcium and vitamin D [4]. Additionally, manganese helps form the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), which breaks down harmful free radicals in the body [5].
However, it's important to note that the most significant risk related to manganese is for people who work in environments where they might inhale it, such as during smelting or welding [2]. For the general public, small amounts of manganese are unlikely to cause any side effects when consumed through dietary sources.
For those concerned about their manganese intake or exposure, consulting a doctor is recommended for testing and next steps. If a person experiences side effects from taking manganese supplements, they should stop taking them and speak to a doctor [6]. However, if a doctor believes a person has a deficiency, they may recommend supplements [7].
Infants can get manganese from breast milk, dairy or soy-based formula, and certain foods. Manganese supplements can be purchased from local pharmacies or online, and some multivitamins contain manganese [8]. People do not usually need to take supplements to reach their daily AI of manganese, with the recommended amount for adult men being 2.3 milligrams (mg) per day, and for adult women, it is 1.8 mg per day [9].
Symptoms of manganism, a condition similar to Parkinson's disease, include difficulty walking, muscle spasms, tremors, irritability, aggressiveness, hallucinations, decreased lung function, a cough, or acute bronchitis [10]. People with newborns, children, liver conditions, or iron deficiencies have a higher risk of experiencing a toxic reaction to manganese [11].
In summary, manganese supports blood sugar regulation in diabetes, aids in blood clotting and bone health, and acts as an antioxidant. While it is generally safe when consumed through dietary sources, it's essential to consult a doctor before taking supplements to ensure a balanced intake.
- People with COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), similar to those who work in environments with high manganese levels, might experience decreased lung function due to manganese exposure.
- Alzheimer's disease, a neurological disorder, is not directly linked to manganese deficiencies or high levels, but manganese plays a role in the formation of the antioxidant enzyme SOD, which breaks down harmful free radicals in the body.
- Some scientific research suggests that HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and MS (Multiple Sclerosis) patients might benefit from magnesium supplementation, as magnesium is vital for the immune system and nerve function, respectively.
- In health-and-wellness, the daily intake of manganese can be crucial for maintaining proper bone health, as it can help promote strong, dense bones when combined with calcium and vitamin D.
- In UC (Ulcerative Colitis) patients, proper nutrition and dietary habits are essential, including the intake of manganese-rich foods such as pineapple, spinach, almonds, and whole wheat bread, which can support overall health and contribute to better glucose homeostasis.
- PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) tests are not directly related to manganese; however, maintaining a balanced diet that includes essential nutrients like manganese can contribute to overall health, which may indirectly impact the results of health screening tests like PSA.
