Prolapsed Rectum: A Comprehension of Its Nature
Rectal prolapse is a medical condition that affects the final section of the large intestine, the rectum, where it can protrude through the anus. This condition can occur in individuals of all ages, but it is more common in older adults, particularly women.
The common causes of rectal prolapse include chronic straining due to constipation, multiple vaginal childbirths, aging, previous pelvic surgery such as hysterectomy, neurological conditions affecting pelvic nerves, and conditions that increase abdominal pressure like pregnancy or obesity.
Chronic constipation and straining put repetitive pressure on pelvic muscles and ligaments supporting the rectum, weakening them over time. Childbirth stretches and weakens the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments, especially after multiple vaginal deliveries. Advancing age leads to a natural decline in muscle tone and ligament strength, increasing the risk. Pelvic surgeries, such as hysterectomy, may alter pelvic anatomy or nerve supply, contributing to prolapse. Neurological disorders or spinal cord injury can impair nerve control of pelvic muscles, facilitating prolapse. Other factors like obesity, prolonged sitting or standing, and chronic coughing may also contribute by increasing abdominal or pelvic pressure.
Living with rectal prolapse can be challenging, but understanding the condition, seeking emotional support, and implementing practical strategies can help manage daily life. Common symptoms include visible protrusion, discomfort or pain, bleeding, mucus discharge, and incontinence.
Treatment options for rectal prolapse depend on the severity of the condition and the individual's overall health. Conservative measures like dietary changes and pelvic floor exercises can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. If the condition is more severe, surgical interventions such as rectopexy, resection, and perineal procedures may be necessary. After surgery, patients need to follow specific care instructions, including rest, follow-up appointments, and gradual return to activities.
Support groups and online forums can provide valuable resources and community support for individuals dealing with rectal prolapse. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment if experiencing symptoms of rectal prolapse.
In pets such as dogs and cats, rectal prolapse should be addressed by a veterinarian if symptoms are noticed. Factors that increase the risk of rectal prolapse include chronic constipation or diarrhea, pregnancy and childbirth, obesity, previous pelvic surgery, and neurological conditions that affect muscle control.
Understanding the causes and risk factors associated with rectal prolapse is crucial for prevention and management. Diagnosing rectal prolapse typically involves recognising symptoms, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as defecography, colonoscopy, and pelvic floor assessment.
References: [1] Mayo Clinic. (2021). Rectal prolapse. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rectal-prolapse/symptoms-causes/syc-20368228 [2] NHS. (2021). Rectal prolapse. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rectal-prolapse/ [3] American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. (2021). Rectal prolapse. https://www.fascrs.org/patients/disease-condition/rectal-prolapse [4] National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2021). Rectal prolapse. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/rectal-prolapse [5] Cleveland Clinic. (2021). Rectal prolapse. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16523-rectal-prolapse
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